- 释义：
- n. 艰难，困苦
- 构词：
- hard艰难的+ship某种关系,状态→n.艰难,困苦
- 例句：
-
Hardship and penury wore him out before his time.
受穷受苦使他未老先衰.
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He was willing to face any hardship in fulfillment of his duty.
他愿意面对任何困难去履行他的职责.
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The tax increases will, in the aggregate, cause much hardship.
增加税收归结起来造成很多困难.
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